1993 XJS CONVERTIBLE 4.0 LITRE
1993 SIGNAL RED XJS CONVERTIBLE 4.0 LITRE . RARE MANUAL GREARBOX
CAR. IN NEED OF QUITE A LOT OF WELDING, MOSTLY IN THE FLOOR AND
SILL AREAS, AND SOME GENERAL SERVICING AND REPAIRS
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1ST AUGUST 2026 (01/08/2026)
THE HANDBRAKE PROJECT IS MOVING ALONG. AFTER THE SCANNING AND 3D MODELLING
OF THE COMPONENTS, WE RE-ASSEMBLED THE HUB / CALIPER / BRAKE SHROUD ASSEMBLIES.
IN ORDER TO CARRY OUT A 'DRY FIT' . FOR SIMPLICITY, WE'D HOPED TO BE ABLE TO CREATE
AN EXTENSION BRACKET TO MARRY UP TO THE CONVENTIONAL BRAKE CALIPER BRACKET, AND
MOUNT THE NEW HANDBRAKE CALIPER ADJACENT TO IT. BUT THE HANDBRAKE CALIPER FOULED
ON THE SUSPENSION CAGE, SO WE TRIED ATTACHING THE HANDBRAKE CALIPER TO THE OPPOSITE
SIDE OF THE HUB. WE THEN JACKED THE CAR UP WHILST RATCHETING DOWN THE BODY TO
MIMIC ROAD TRAVEL ON THE SUSPENSION, THEN MOVED THE CALIPER TO THE AREA WHERE WE HAD
THE MOST CLEARANCE - WE SEEMED TO HAVE PLENTY OF ROOM NOW.
OUR TIG WELDING ASSOCIATE , WHO HAS VAST EXPERIENCE, WAS CONSULTATED TO MAKE
SURE HE WAS HAPPY TO WELD TO THE NEW LOCATION - AND HE CONFIRMED THAT HE WAS. AT THIS
POINT, WE CUT A SECTION OUT OF THE BRAKE SHROUD, CORRESPONDING TO THE NEW CALIPER
LOCATION. OUR WELDER ALSO POINTED OUT THAT - DUE TO THE ENORMOUS HEAT INVOLVED IN TIG
WELDING, THE NEW HUB BEARING COULD BECOME SEIZED. SO, NOW IN THE PROCESS OF DISMANTLING
THE HUB/DISC/SHROUD ASSEMBLIES FOLLOWING THE DRY FIT - TO ISOLATE THE HUBS - AND PRESSING
BEARINGS BACK OUT AS INSTRUCTED.
THE BARE HUB'S NEXT STOP IS AT THE CNC ENGINEERING SHOP FOR BESPOKE
BILLET ALUMINIUM BRACKET MAKING. FOLLOWING THIS , THE TIG WELDING CAN TAKE PLACE, AND
THE HUBS WILL THEN BE RETURNED TO THE ENGINEERS FOLLOWING THIS TO HAVE THREADS INSERTED.
AT THAT POINT, WE CAN REASSEMBLE THE HUBS, PUT BEARINGS BACK IN AND BUILD BACK UP WITH
BOTH SETS OF CALIPERS ATTACHED THIS TIME , WHICH SHOULD LOOK QUITE IMPRESSIVE !
BLASTING INNER EDGES OF WHEEL ARCH LIP (14/05/2026)
THE BLASTING FOCUSSED MAINLY ON FLOOR SECTIONS , ESPECIALLY AROUND
SEAT BELT AND JACKING MOUNTS, BUT ALSO CONCENTRATED ON THE WHEEL ARCHES.
OUR BLASTER WAS ABLE TO CONTAIN THE BLAST MEDIA TO FOCUS ON MOSTLY THE
INNER EDGES. THE RUST CLEANED OF THESE AREAS VERY NICELY, AND NO HOLES
WERE FOUND.
JUNE 17TH 2026 (30/11/-0001)
QUITE A FEW UPDATES SINCE THE LAST REPORT. THE FUEL LINES WERE BARE
METALLED WHERE ACCESSIBLE AND PAINTED. ALL WELDING NOW COMPLETE.
NEW SECTIONS SEAM SEALED AND PAINTED. WILL BE WAXOYLED ONCE OTHER
WORKS COMPLETE. IN DISCUSSION WITH CUSTOMER ABOUT THE POSSIBILTY
OF FITTING AN ELECTRIC HANDBRAKE - QUITE A COMPLEX TASK . THE REPAIRED
SILL AREA NOW FILLED , AND NEW SWAGE LINES CUT BACK IN. CAR NOW NEEDS
EITHER PARTIAL OR COMPLETE RESPRAY - TBA. SPRING CUPS VERY RUSTY - NOW
CLEANED UP AND REPAINTED. SKI SLOPE / UPPER TRANS TUNNEL REMOVED - TO
ACCESS GEARBOX REMOTE RUBBERS - THESE WERE QUITE PERISHED, AND SEVERAL
SHIMS MISSING. CHANGED GEARBOX OIL. NEW CLUTCH MASTER CYLINDER FITTED.
NEW IDENTICAL CLUTCH SLAVE CYLINDERS NO LONGER AVAILABLE - SO REPLACED
WITH A SIMILAR ITEM THAT NEEDED A CHANGE TO METRIC PIPEWORK AT THE SAME
TIME. FIT NEW EXPANSION CAP. REMOVE AND REPLACE NEW FRONT AND REAR SHOCKS.
REPLACE FUEL FILTER. FRONT BRAKE CALIPERS HAD NEW LOCKWIRE FITTED.
OUR CUSTOMER MENTIONED THAT THE GLOVE BOX FILLED WITH RAIN WATER DURING
BAD WEATHER ! THE SCUTTLE SEAL WAS MISSING - HAVE REPAIRED THIS. WILL TEST
WITH HOAE TO ESTABLISH - IF THE CAR STILL LEAKS - WHETER THE FRONT SCREEN
NEEDS TO BE REMOVED AND FURTHER SCUTTLE REPAIR WORK CARRIED OUT. DIFF OIL
CHANGED.
JUNE 2026 (30/11/-0001)
WELDING NEAR COMPLETION. FOUND SOME MORE AREAS IN SILL ENDS, FLOOR
EDGES AND REAR CHASSIS AREAS ETC. NOW HAVE SHOCKS FITTED, AND BOTH
HUBS COMPLETELY REBUILT WITH NEW BEARINGS. RADIUS ARMS HAVE BOTH
BEEN REFURBISHED AND NEW BUSHES FITTED.
FUEL PIPES (30/11/-0001)
THE FUEL PIPES AROUND THE FLOOR EDGE AREAS WERE QUITE RUSTY. WE
BARE METALLED AS MUCH OF THIS AREA AS IS ACCESSIBLE. ONE OF THE FUEL
LINES WAS BADLY CORRODED - SO REPLACED THIS SINGLE SECTION.
MORE WELDING BELOW, CLEAN / REPLACE FUEL PIPES (30/11/-0001)
THE RUST IN THE FLOOR PANS BEING REMOVED, CUTTING RECTANGULAR SECTIONS
OUT AND DUPLICATING PROFILES FROM SHEET STEEL, THEN SEAM WELDING IN PLACE
AND FOLLOWING UP WITH SEAM SEALER AROUND ALL JOINTS.
MORE RUST FOUND IN SOME SILL AREAS TOO - NOW REMOVED AND REPLACED WITH
FRESH METAL. BOTH DRIVE SHAFTS HAD BEARINGS PRESSED OUT, WERE THEN BARE-
METALLED, AND FINALLY REPAINTED. NEXT STAGE IS TO PRESS IN NEW UJ's
FLOORS, SILLS, RADIUS ARMS, DRIVESHARFTS (30/11/-0001)
RUST IN FLOORS DRAWING TO A CLOSE, BUT THEN FOUND MORE IN SILL
ENDS, PLUS N/S REAR CHASSIS LEG, AND UNDER RADIUS ARMS. RADIUS
ARMS THEMSELVES REMOVED TO BE DE-RUSTED, AND TO HAVE NEW
BUSHES PRESSED IN. THE REAR HUB BEARINGS ARE TO BE REPLACED,
AND DRIVE-SHAFTS STRIPPED, RUST REMOVED, AND NEW UJ'S THEN A
FINAL REPAINT.
ROAD TEST LATE JUNE 2026 (30/11/-0001)
WE WANTED TO CARRY OUT A SHORT ROAD TEST. BUT QUITE A FEW MORE JOBS NEEDED TO
BE CARRIED OUT.
NEW FRONT SPRINGS , TO COMPLETE NOW A FULL FRONT AND REAR SUSPENSION CHANGE. BLEED BRAKES AND CLUTCH, AND UPGRADE FLUID TO BREMBO DOT 5.1 - MUCH HIGHER BOILING POINT. NEW UJ'S IN
REAR DRIVESHAFTS, NEW HUB BEARINGS FITTED, GEARBOX OIL UPGRADED TO REDLINE MT75 -
A VERY HIGH QUALITY PRODUCT. RUST REPAIRS ALL SEAM SEALED AND PAINTED. WILL BE WAXOYLED, THEN LANOGUARDED FOR ULTIMATE PROTECTION.
, NEW ABS SENSOR, NEW DISTRIBUTOR CAP AND ROTOR ARM. FUEL LINES REPAINTED.
FRONT BRAKES RE LOCK WIRED. NEW FUEL FILTER. GOING TO FIT A FULLY ELECTRIC HANDBRAKE
SYSTEM USING TOP NOTCH WILWOOD CALIPERS AND VENTED RER DISCS - AN INTERESTING AND
EXCITING UPGRADE. THE CAR DROVE WELL ON ITS TEST. WE WANT TO GO FOR A LONGER TEST
ONCE THE ARCHES ETC PAINTED, BUT GEAR CHANGE MUCH SMOOTHER, AND HANDLING MUCH
MORE COMPOSED.
PASSENGER FLOOR SEAT ECU COVER HAD A ROTTED FRONT EDGE. COULDNT FIND A GOOD USED PANEL
ONLINE - THIS IS A COMMON ISSUE, SO FABRICATED A NEW LEADING EDGE TO REPAIR THE OLD ONE.
17TH JULY 2026 (30/11/-0001)
THE ELECTRONIC HANDBRAKE KIT HAS ARRIVED FROM WILWOOD.
IT'S A SOPHISTICATED LOOKING PRODUCT, WITH A LARGE SET OF
INSTRUCTIONS AND WIRING LOOM ETC. SOME STAFF HOLIDAYS
ARE LOOMING, NOW TRYING TO FIT IN A GOOD TIME TO REMOVE THE
STD CALIPERS AND BRACKETS, 'ASSEMBLE' THEM ALONGSIDE A WHEEL,
HUB AND DRIVESHAFT, SUCH THAT OUR CAD DESIGN GUY CAN MEASURE
AND SCAN EVERYTHING, IN ORDER TO PRODUCE A PLASTIC MOUNT FOR
THESE NEW CALIPERS, WHICH CAN THEN BE FORMED IN BILLET ALUMINIUM
ONCE ITS BEEN TESTED - IN TERMS OF BEING A PERFECT FIT.
11TH NOVEMBER 2026 (30/11/-0001)
WITH THE WELDING AROUND THE SCREEN AND SCUTTLE AREAS COMPLTED, WE ARE NOW
RE-SHAPING THESE AREAS WITH BODY FILLER. THIS PROCESS NEARLY COMPLETE - WILL BE
PAINTING WITH HIGH-BUILD PRIMER SOON.
JULY 10TH 2026 (30/11/-0001)
AFTER WELDING IN PHONE AERIAL HOLE, THEN PRIMING, AND
PAINTING THE LOWER SILLS AND ARCH EDGES IN RAPTOR, THE
PAINT WAS BLENDED INTO REMAINING ODYWORK. AFTER A FLAT
AND POLISH OF OLD PAINT, THE RESULTS QUITE PLEASING - HARD
TO SPOT ANY COLOUR DIFFENCES, ALTHOUGH BONNET LOOKS A
TAD ORANGE COMPARED TO THE REST OF THE PAINTWORK.
JULY 02/03 2026 (30/11/-0001)
RAPTOR MIXED INTO PAINT WITH A FINE BLEND SO IT MAKES IT ALMOS
UN-NOTICEABLE. REMASKED THESE AREAS , THEN THE SIGNAL RED
BLEND COATS ARE APPLIED, FOLLOWED BY LACQUER. AS ALWAYS WITH
PAINTWORK, THE PREPARATION IS 90 % OF THE JOB, ACTUAL PAINTING
ONLY 10 %.
JULY 02 2026 (30/11/-0001)
THE FIRST STAGE MASKING IS DONE, AND THE PAINT/RAPTOR MIX CAN BE
APPLIED TO LOWER SILLS AND ARCHES.
JULY 2026 (30/11/-0001)
THE BODY AND FILLER WORK COMPLETED, WITH THE PHONE AERIAL NOW DELETED,
TIME TO MOVE ON TO PAINWORK. PAINT USED IS SOLVENT BASE COAT, FOLLOWED BY
TWOPACK CLEAR COAT LACQUER, BOTH FOR DURABILITY.
NOW AT THE INITIAL MASKING STAGE. THE LOWER SECTION OF SILLS TO BE A PAINT AND
RAPTOR BLEND FOR EXTRA TOUGHNESS, DITTO FOR THE WHEEL ARCH EDGES, THEN
THE PAINT BLENDED AWAY FROM THESE AREA INTO WINGS ETC , TO AVOID AN ABRUPT
CHANGE IN COLOUR - RED IS PRONE TO FADING OVER TIME, AND A TRICKY COLOUR TO
BLEND INTO.
AUGUST 7TH 2026 (30/11/-0001)
THE REAR LISTER BUMPER WAS RELATIVELY STRAIGHTFORWARD TO FIT,
BUT THE FRONT ONE HAS NEEDED QUITE A FEW MODS. WE MADE A NEW TOP
EDGE, THEN CUT OUT THE CENTRE OF THE BUMPER IN ORDER TO MAKE IT
FIR BETTER AND MAKE IT NARROWER. THEN FIXED TEMPORARY CLAMPS WHILE
THE FRESH RESIN AND MATTING CURED IN-SITU. THEN PROCEEDED TO ADD
MORE LAYERS IN ORDER TO MAKE A SOLID REPAIR.
18TH SEPTEMBER 2026 (30/11/-0001)
WE'VE NOW INSTALLED A NEW AND IMPROVED COOLING SYSTEM -
NEW RADIATOR, WATER PUMP, VISCOUS COUPLING, RAD CAPS,
THERMOSTAT, HIGH SPEED SPAL FAN ETC. NOW THE ENGINE IS
RUNNING AGAIN. HAVE SEALED UP THE ENGINE BAY - TO FOCUS ON
THE RUST ALONG WING MOUNTS, SCUTTLES, SCREEN FRAME ETC.
SOME QUITE TRICKY PANEL FORMING TO BE DONE HERE. DOUBLE
CURVES ON SOME SECTIONS MAKE IT TIME CONSUMING TO GET A
PERFECT FIT.
22ND SEPTEMBER 2026 (30/11/-0001)
CONTINUING THE WELDING WORK TO FRONTAL AREAS. THE RUST HOLES BEING
REGULARISED WHERE POSSIBLE FOR RECTANGULAR PLATES TO BE SEAM WELDED
IN PLACE. MORE DE-RUSTING WORK TO FOLLOW. PUT WELDING BLANKETS OVER THE
INTERIOR - TO SAVE EXTRA TIME IN TERMS OF REMOVING DASH AND FRONT SEATS
ETC.
SEPT 11TH 2026 (30/11/-0001)
QUITE A LOT OF WELDING AND REPAIRS TO FRONT SCUTTLES, SCREEN
FRAME, FRONT WING SUPPORTS ETC. HAVE DECIDED TO COMPLETE THE COOLING
SYSTEM UPGRADES FIRST, THEN WE CAN SEAL OFF THE ENGINE BAY, TO PREVENT
ANY DUST GETTTING INTO COOLING SYSTEM PIPES ETC.
10TH SEPTEMBER 2026 (30/11/-0001)
A COMMON XJS PROBLEM - ESPECIALLY ON FACELIFT CARS - IS THAT WATER
CAN LEAK INTO THE CABIN, FROM THE AREA IN FRONT OF THE SCREEN. THERE
ARE A COUPLE OF POSSIBILITIES HERE. SOMETIMES THE LEAKS ORIGINATE AT
THE WIPER MOTOR END, OR IT CAN BE THAT WATER GETS THROUGH THE JOIN
IN THE BRIGHTWORK WHERE THE SCREEN TRIMS MEET. ON THIS PARTICULAR
CAR, IT'S THE LATTER .
18th AUGUST 2026 (30/11/-0001)
HAS TAKEN A LITTLE BIT OF TIME TO GET THE COOLING SYSTEM COMPONENTS TOGETHER.
WE NOW HAVE A NEW HIGH-SPEED AUXILIARY FAN MADE BY SPAL, A NEW AIRCON CONDENSOR
FROM FEN-AIR, A KENLOWE-TYPE THERMOSTATIC CONTROLLER, SOME GENUINE STAINLESS
JUBILEE CLIPS - PRICEY - BUT DONT RUST, AND CAN CRANKS THEM UP PRETTY TIGHT ! HAVE
GOT A NEW VISCOUS COUPLING, JUST WAITING FOR NEW AIR DRYER UNIT AND RADIATOR
FROM SIMPLY PERFORMANCE.
MEANWHILE, HAVE BEEN CHECKING IN WITH THE ENGINEERS - OUR BILLET FOR THE HANDBRAKE
MOUNTING BRACKET IS DUE TO ARRIVE SOON, SO HOPING WORK WILL BE UNDERWAY SHORTLY.
WILL GET SOME PHOTOS OF MACHINING WHEN IN PROGRESS, PLUS HOPEFULLY SOME TIG WELDING
PHOTOS - WHICH LOOK FAIRLY SPECTACULAR ! MEANWHILE, TAKING A LOOK AT WOODEN STEERING
WHEEL OPTIONS. THE V12 CONVERTIBLE WE HAVE JUST COLLECTED HAS ONE, BUT ITS A SLIGHTLY
EARLIER FACELIFT VARIANT, SO NOT THE SAME EXACT SET-UP AS OUR SUBJECT XJS.
25TH SEPTEMBER 2026 (30/11/-0001)
WELDING CONTINUES AROUND THE FRONT SCREEN. NUMEROUS REPAIRS
ONGOING TO WING SUPPORTS, SCUTTLES AND SCREEN PILLARS ETC.
MAKING HEAVY SEAM WELDS THAT WILL NEED QUITE A LOT OF FLATTING BACK.
USING ENDOSCOPE TO CHECK FOR INTERNAL RUST WITHIN THE SCUTTLES.
THERE IS QUITE A BIT IN THERE, AND IT'S STARTING TO ATTACK THE HEATER BOXES
ETC, SO LOOKS LIKE THE SCUTTLES NEED TO BE OPENED TO CLEAN THESE AREAS UP
AND REPAINT THEM. WE ALSO RAN THE SCOPE INSIDE THE CYLINDER HEAD - PISTONS
QUITE COKED UP AND A LOT OF SOOT ON NEW SPARK PLUGS. LOOKING LIKE A HEAD
GASKET NEEDS REPLACING.
SEPTEMBER 2026 BRACKETS FOR HANDBRAKE ! (30/11/-0001)
VISITED ENGINEER SHOP TODAY. THE BRACKET SIZES WERE CALCULATED, AND
INITIALLY A TIN TEMPLATE WAS MADE. NOW, A STEEL VERSION HAS BEEN
PRODUCED. IT FITS ONTO THE HUB VERY SNUGLY, BUT THE BOLT CLEARANCE IS
NOT QUITE ADEQUATE - SO A SLIGHT MODIFICATION BEING MADE. ONCE THIS COMPLETE,
THE TEMPLATES WILL BE SCANNED, AND THE ALUMINIUM FINAL PRODUCT CAN BE MADE !
NOW ALSO FLATTING BACK SOME OF THE HEAVY WELDS TO FRONT SCREEN SURROUNDS.
13TH OCTOBER 2026 (30/11/-0001)
NOW MOVING ON TO THE O/S FRONT SCUTTLE.THE RUST ON THIS SIDE NOT QUITE
AS SERIOUS - SO WE WERE ABLE TO LIMIT THE AMOUNT OF SCUTTLE AREA THAT
HAD TO BE REMOVED. ONCE THIS COMPLETE, THE JOIN TO SCREEN PILLAR ONCE
AGAIN MADE GOOD, AND NOW MOVING ON TO THE METAL SECTION THAT RUNS ALONG
THE BACK OF , AND JOINS THE 2 SIDES OF THE SCUTTLE TOGETHER. THE LAST PHOTO
SHOWS A SMALL AREA WE DIDNT WANT TO WELD IN - BECAUSE ITS VERY CLOSE TO THE BACK OF THE
CAR'S ELECTRICS - SO WE USED A CARBON FIBRE PASTE HERE INSTEAD.
23RD OCTOBER 2026 (30/11/-0001)
THE HUBS AND DRIVESHAFTS ETC WERE RECONNECTED, WE WERE
THEN ABLE TO REFIT THEM TO CAR, AND DOUBLE CHECK CLEARANCES.
AN ANXIOUS MOMENT - BUT THERE IS A GOOD AMOUNT OF SPACE FOR
THE WILWOODS - WHICH ARE QUITE A LARGE SIZED CALIPER.
THE ENGINE ON THIS CAR STILL RUNS HOT - DESPITE A COOLING SYSTEM
OVERHAUL. WE RAN THE ENGINE WHILE STANDING BELOW - THE CATS GET
ALMOST RED HOT - AND ARE POSSIBLY BREAKING DOWN AND BLOCKING
THE EXHAUST.
WE FITTED A NEW STARTER MOTOR - OLD ONE GETTING NOISY - ITS A
HIGH TORQUE MODEL . THE WELDING TO THE FRONT SIDE SCUTTLES
FINALLY COMPLETE - AND HAVE ALSO NOW JUST FINISHED THE SCUTTLE
JOINING PANEL WHICH JOING THE 2 HALVES TOGETHER.
OCTOBER 2ND 2026 (30/11/-0001)
FRONT N/S SCUTTLE NOW IN PRIMER, REPAIRS TO SCUTTLE / SCREEN PILLAR
JOIN NOW IN PROGRESS.
30TH SEPTEMBER 2026 (30/11/-0001)
GOOD NEWS ON THE HANDBRAKE BRACKETS ! THEY ARE NOW COMPLETED
AND ATTACHED WITH SEVERAL BOLTS. BECAUSE THERE WAS ONLY ENOUGH
ROOM FOR 4MM PLATE TO BE USED, IT WAS FINALLY DECIDED TO RETAIN
THE PLATES IN STEEL RATHER THAN ALI - TO GIVE US EXTRA STRENGTH ,
AND WILL ALSO MEAN LESS TOTAL COST - AS THE BRACKETS HAVE ALREADY
TAKEN QUITE A BIT OF TIME TO FORM.
THE LAST SECTION OF SCREEN FRAME IS THE AREA WHERE IT JOINS THE FRONT
SCUTTLE. THERE IS ALSO A BIG HOLE TO THE SIDE WHICH MAKES THIS AREA
COMPLEX TO REPAIR. THE FINAL REPAIRS TO THIS AREA CANT BE MADE UNTIL
THE N/S SCUTTLE ITSELF IS REBUILT - WHICH AS CAN BE SEEN - IS WELL UNDERWAY.
OCTOBER 1ST 2026 (30/11/-0001)
THE FRONT WING SUPPORTS NOW HAVE NUMEROUS NEW PATCHES WELDED IN,
AND HAVE BEEN BARE METALLED , PRIMED AND REPAINTED. THE SCREEN FRAME
SECTIONS NEARLY COMPLETE TOO, AND MOVING ON TO THE FRONT SCUTTLES,
FOLLOWING RECENT CAMERA INSPECTION. WE ARE CUTTING THE SCUTTLE TOPS OFF,
AND THEN BARE METALLING THE UNDERSIDES, AND ALSO THE INSIDES, AS WELL AS
ADDED NUMEROUS NEW WELDING REPAIRS. THIS WILL BE A VERY SOLID CAR ONCE
THIS IS ALL COMPLETED !
GENERAL SERVICING, SANDBLASING, WELDING (30/11/-0001)
QUITE A BIT OF RUST EVIDENT IN GENERAL APPRAISAL AT THE START OF
THE PROJECT IN APRIL. WAS DECIDED THE BEST APPROACH WAS TO GET
SOME TARGETTED SAND BLASTING, TO HELP FULLY EXPOSE THESE PROBLEM
AREAS. ALSO, A CATCH-UP ON ROUTINE SERVICING NEEDED. TIRED SHOCKS
AND SPRINGS, CLUTCH FLUID ESPECIALLY VERY DECAYED, AND GENERAL
LUBRICANTS TO GEARBOX, DIFF ETC DUE FOR A CHANGE.
